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''Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council'' is part of a series of 48 mezzotint engravings that British artist John Martin created between 1823 and 1827 to illustrate a new edition of Milton's ''Paradise Lost''. It was described by in ''The Guardian'' in 2011 as "Satan holding court in what looks like a solo performance in the Albert Hall (decades in advance)". Popular success of John Martin's religious paintings, particularly ''Belshazzar's Feast'' (first exhibited at the British Institution in 1821, and published as engravings in 1826), led to a commission in 1823 from London publisher Septimus Prowett for Martin to illustrate a new edition of Milton's ''Paradise Lost''. Martin made mezzotint engravings of 24 subjects in two sizes, 48 plates in all, with large prints measuring 8 by 11 inches and small prints 6 by 8 inches. The engraving of ''Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council'' illustrates the debate among Satan's "Stygian Council" in the council-chamber of Pandæmonium at the beginning of Book II of ''Paradise Lost''. In the engraving, Satan is depicted enthroned at the heart of the hall of his Palace of Pandæmonium, at the centre of a rotunda filled with onlooking throngs of fallen angels, illuminated by the new technology of gaslight. His throne is placed atop a black hemisphere. The composition may be inspired by an illustration in the 1782 edition of William Beckford's novel ''Vathek''. The prints were published by subscription from 1825 to 1827, with two prints and accompanying text published each month, to be bound together by the subscriber. The engravings were also available to buy separately as sets or single prints. The book and the engravings were considerable critical and commercial success, with Martin's original compositions praised for their invention and power. Martin was encouraged to start work on engraved illustrations of the Bible, and published a further large format print of ''Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council'' in 1831, measuring 60.7 cm by 81.4 cm. According to musicologist Edward Lockspeiser, this engraving had a singular effect and a lasting influence on the composer Hector Berlioz. The bold iconography and design of Martin's engravings were inspirations for scenes in D. W. Griffith's films ''Birth of a Nation'' and ''Intolerance'', and for the design of the Galactic Senate in ''Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace''. ==References== * (Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council ), Victorian & Albert Museum * (Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council ), Fitzwilliam Museum * (Art in an Age of Counterrevolution, 1815-1848 ), Albert Boime, p,563-4 * (The Illustrator and the Book in England from 1790 to 1914 ), Gordon N. Ray, p. 45 * (Fields of Influence: Conjunctions of Artists and Scientists 1815-1860 ), James Hamilton, p. 15 * ( Better image ) * (Architects' Journal ) * (John Martin: Apocalypse – review ), The Guardian, 25 September 2011 *Lockspeiser, Edward: Music and Painting: A Study in Comparative Ideas from Turner to Schoenberg. Icon Editions, Harper & Row, p. 28 (1973) (Lockspeiser devotes and entire chapter to Berlioz and John Martin) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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